{"id":1499,"date":"2023-09-21T13:16:32","date_gmt":"2023-09-21T04:16:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/aafc.snuac.ac.kr\/?p=1499"},"modified":"2025-01-08T13:31:37","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:31:37","slug":"%ec%95%84%ed%94%84%eb%a6%ac%ec%b9%b4%ec%9d%98-%e3%80%8e%ec%b0%b8%ec%a7%80-%ec%95%8a%eb%8a%94-%ec%97%ac%ec%9e%90%eb%93%a4%e3%80%8f-%ec%82%ac%ed%97%ac-%ec%a7%80%ec%97%ad-%ec%97%ac%ec%84%b1%eb%93%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/aafc.snuac.ac.kr\/?p=1499","title":{"rendered":"\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc758 \u300e\ucc38\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc5ec\uc790\ub4e4\u300f: \uc0ac\ud5ec \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc5ec\uc131\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c1\uba74\ud55c \uace0\ub09c\uacfc \ub3c4\uc804"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\uc6d0\ubb38: \ub2e4\uc591\uc131+Asia(22\ud638)<\/a><\/p>\n

\uc790\uc77c\ub9ac\u00a0\uc544\ub9c8\ub450\u00a0\uc544\ub9d0<\/b>(\u300e\ucc38\uc9c0\u00a0\uc54a\ub294\u00a0\uc5ec\uc790\ub4e4\u300f\u00a0\uc791\uac00)<\/span><\/p>\n

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\uc5ec\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc28\ubcc4\uacfc \ud3ed\ub825\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \uc804\ud1b5\uacfc \uc778\uc2b5, \uac00\uc871\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud14c\ub450\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\ud68c-\uacbd\uc81c\uc801, \uc0dd\ud0dc\uc801 \uc694\uc778\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ud5ec \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc740 \uc11c\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \ubaa8\ub9ac\ud0c0\ub2c8\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3d9\ubd80\uc758 \uc5d0\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc544\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc0ac\ud558\ub77c\uc0ac\ub9c9 \uacbd\uacc4\uc758 \ubc18\uac74\uc870\uc9c0\ub300\ub85c, \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc740 \uac00\ubb44, \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c \uadf9\ub2e8\uc8fc\uc758\uc138\ub825\uc758 \uc900\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uac00\uc7a5 \ucde8\uc57d\ud55c \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c \uc190\uaf3d\ud78c\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ud5ec \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc5ec\uc131\ub4e4\uc740 \uc77c\ubd80\ub2e4\ucc98\uc81c, \uc5ec\uc131\uc0dd\uc2dd\uae30\uc808\uc81c, \uac15\uc81c \uacb0\ud63c\uacfc \uc870\ud63c, \uc5ec\uc131 \uad50\uc721\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubb34\uad00\uc2ec, \uac00\uc815\ud3ed\ub825, \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\ud65c\ub3d9 \uc81c\ud55c, \uac00\uc2b4 \ub2e4\ub9bc\uc9c8 \uac19\uc774 \uc5ec\uc131\uc5d0\uac8c \uac00\ud574\uc9c0\ub294 \uac01\uc885 \uc5b5\uc555, \ucc28\ubcc4, \ud3ed\ub825\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uba74\ud574 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc28\ubcc4\uc774\ub098 \ud3ed\uc555\uc774 \uc885\uc871, \uc885\uad50, \ubb38\ud654\uc758 \ud14c\ub450\ub9ac\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4 \uc804\uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub354\uc6b1 \uc2ec\uac01\ud558\uac8c \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\ud6c4\ubcc0\ud654\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc57d\uc790\uc778 \uc5ec\uc131\uacfc \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774\uc5d0\uac8c \ub354\uc6b1 \uac00\ud639\ud558\uac8c \ub2e4\uac00\uc624\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uae30\ud6c4\ubcc0\ud654\ub294 \uc2dd\ub7c9\uc548\ubcf4\uc758 \uc704\uae30\ub85c \uc9c1\uacb0\ub418\uba70, \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c \uadf9\ub2e8\uc8fc\uc758\uc138\ub825\uc758 \uc900\ub3d9, \uac01\uc885 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc774 \ucc3d\uad90\ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5ec\uc131\uacfc \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774\ub294 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \ucde8\uc57d\uc131\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n

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\ub2c8\uc81c\ub974 \uc218\ub3c4 \ub2c8\uc544\uba54\uc774(Niamey) \uc778\uadfc \uc0ac\ub9c9 \uc9c0\uc5ed<\/em><\/p>\n

\ucd9c\ucc98 : Wikipedia Commons<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\uc0ac\ud5ec\u00a0\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\ub4e4<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

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\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\uc0ac\ud5ec\u00a0\uc9c0\uc5ed<\/span><\/h3>\n

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\uc804\ud1b5\uc758\u00a0\uad74\ub808\u00a0:\u00a0\uc0ac\ud68c-\ubb38\ud654\uc801\u00a0\uc81c\uc57d\ub4e4<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

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\uc774\ub7f0\u00a0\uc0c1\ud669\uc744\u00a0\u2018\ucc38\uc9c0\u00a0\uc54a\ub294\u00a0\uc5ec\uc790\ub4e4\u2019\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\uc77d\uc744\u00a0\uc218\u00a0\uc788\ub2e4.:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\ub354\uad6c\ub098\u00a0\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\uc5d0\u00a0\ub300\ud55c\u00a0\uc5b5\uc555\uc801\u00a0\ud48d\uc2b5\uacfc\u00a0\uc804\ud1b5\uc774\u00a0\ubc84\uc813\uc774\u00a0\ubc95\uc5d0\u00a0\ud3ec\ud568\ub41c\u00a0\uc0c1\ud669\uc774\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\uc744\u00a0\ucc28\ubcc4\ud558\ub294\u00a0\uc804\ud1b5\ubc95\uc774\u00a0\uc5ec\uc804\ud788\u00a0\ubc95\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\uc778\uc815\ubc1b\uace0\u00a0\uac15\ub825\ud55c\u00a0\uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744\u00a0\ud589\uc0ac\ud558\ub294\u00a0\uac83\uc774\u00a0\ud604\uc2e4\uc774\ub2e4.\u00a0\uce74\uba54\ub8ec\u00a0\ubbfc\ubc95\uc740\u00a0\uacb0\ud63c\uc5f0\ub839\uc744\u00a016\uc138\ub85c\u00a0\uaddc\uc815\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc\u00a0\ub9ce\uc740\u00a0\uac00\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294\u00a013\uc138\ub098\u00a014\uc138\u00a0\uc18c\ub140\ub97c\u00a0\uacb0\ud63c\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294\u00a0\uc870\ud63c\uc774\u00a0\ub9cc\uc5f0\ud558\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc774\ub7f0\u00a0\uc804\ud1b5\uc801\u00a0\uacb0\ud63c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294\u00a0\uc2dc\ubbfc\uc758\u00a0\uad8c\ub9ac\uc5d0\u00a0\ub530\ub978\u00a0\ubcf4\ud638\uac00\u00a0\uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0\u00a0\uc54a\uc73c\uba70\u00a0\uc885\uc885\u00a0\uac00\uc815\ud3ed\ub825\uacfc\u00a0\uc774\ud63c\uc73c\ub85c\u00a0\ub05d\ub098\uac70\ub098\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\uc774\u00a0\ucad3\uaca8\ub098\ub294\u00a0\ucc98\uc9c0\ub85c\u00a0\ub05d\ub09c\ub2e4.\u00a0\uac15\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\u00a0\ucad3\uaca8\ub09c\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\ub4e4\u00a0\uc911\u00a075~85%\uac00\u00a0\ub3cc\ubd04\uc744\u00a0\ud544\uc694\ub85c\u00a0\ud558\ub294\u00a0\uc544\uc774\u00a0\ud55c\u00a0\uba85\u00a0\uc774\uc0c1\uc744\u00a0\ub370\ub9ac\uace0\u00a0\uce5c\uc815\u00a0\ubd80\ubaa8\uc5d0\uac8c\u00a0\ub3cc\uc544\uac04\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc0dd\uacc4\ub97c\u00a0\uc720\uc9c0\ud560\u00a0\ucd5c\uc18c\ud55c\uc758\u00a0\ubc29\ub3c4\uac00\u00a0\uc5c6\uae30\u00a0\ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0\u00a0\uce5c\uc815\uc9d1\uc73c\ub85c\u00a0\ucad3\uaca8\ub09c\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\ub4e4\uc740\u00a0\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\u00a0\ube44\uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\u00a0\uc131\ub9e4\ub9e4\ub85c\u00a0\ub0b4\ubab0\ub9b0\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\uc5ec\uc131\uc0dd\uc2dd\uae30\uc808\uc81c(FGM)\ub294\u00a0\ud754\ud788\u00a0\uc2e4\uc2dc\ub418\ub294\u00a0\uad00\uc2b5\uc774\ub2e4.<\/span>[i]<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\uc0dd\uc2dd\uae30\uc808\uc81c\uac00\u00a0\uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\u00a0\uae08\uc9c0\ub418\uc5b4\u00a0\uc788\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4\u00a0\ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0,\u00a0\uc0ac\ud5ec\u00a0\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294\u00a0\uc544\uc8fc\u00a0\ub110\ub9ac\u00a0\uacc4\uc18d\ub418\uace0\u00a0\uc788\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc0ac\ud5ec\u00a0\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758\u00a0\ub2e4\ub978\u00a0\ub098\ub77c\ub4e4\ubcf4\ub2e4\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\uc0dd\uc2dd\uae30\uc808\uc81c\uac00\u00a0\uacbd\uc545\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b8\u00a0\uc815\ub3c4\ub85c\u00a0\ub110\ub9ac\u00a0\ud589\ud574\uc9c0\ub294\u00a0\ub098\ub77c\ub294\u00a0\uae30\ub2c8(97%),\u00a0\ub9d0\ub9ac(91%),\u00a0\ubd80\ub974\ud0a4\ub098\ud30c\uc18c(63%)\ub2e4.\u00a0\uce74\uba54\ub8ec\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294\u00a0\uc544\uc9c1\ub3c4\u00a0\ub9e4\ub144\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\u00a0500\uba85\uc774\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\uc0dd\uc2dd\uae30\uc808\uc81c\ub97c\u00a0\ub2f9\ud558\uace0\u00a0\uc788\uc73c\uba70,\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\u00a025%\uac00\u00a0\uac00\uc2b4\u00a0\ub2e4\ub9bc\uc9c8\uc774\ub77c\uace0\u00a0\ubd88\ub9ac\ub294\u00a0\uad00\ud589\uc744\u00a0\uacaa\ub294\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc774\u00a0\uad00\ud589\uc740\u00a0\uce74\uba54\ub8ec\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\uc544\uc8fc\u00a0\uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud558\uac8c\u00a0\ud37c\uc838\u00a0\uc788\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc0ac\ucd98\uae30\uc5d0\u00a0\uc774\ub978\u00a0\uc18c\ub140\ub4e4\uc758\u00a0\uac00\uc2b4\uc774\u00a0\ubc1c\ub2ec\ud558\ub294\u00a0\uac83\uc744\u00a0\uc5b5\uc81c\ud558\uae30\u00a0\uc704\ud574\u00a0\ub728\uac81\uac8c\u00a0\ub2ec\uad6c\uc5b4\uc9c4\u00a0\ub3cc\uacfc\u00a0\uac19\uc740\u00a0\ubb3c\uccb4\ub97c\u00a0\uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574\uc11c\u00a0\uac00\uc2b4\uc744\u00a0\ub204\ub974\ub294\u00a0\uac83\uc774\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc720\uc5d4\uc5d0\u00a0\ub530\ub974\uba74\u00a0\uac00\uc2b4\u00a0\ub2e4\ub9ac\ubbf8\uc9c8\uc774\ub77c\ub294\u00a0\uad00\ud589\uc740\u00a0\uc820\ub354\uc5d0\u00a0\uae30\ubc18\ud55c\u00a0\ud3ed\ub825\uacfc\u00a0\ubc00\uc811\ud558\uac8c\u00a0\uc5f0\uad00\ub41c\u00a0\uac00\uc7a5\u00a0\uc801\uac8c\u00a0\ubcf4\uace0\ub41c\u00a05\ub300\u00a0\ubc94\uc8c4\uc758\u00a0\ud558\ub098\uc774\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c\u00a0\uad00\ud589\uc740\u00a011\uc138\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a014\uc138\u00a0\uc18c\ub140\uc758\u00a038%\uc5d0\u00a0\uc601\ud5a5\uc744\u00a0\ubbf8\uce5c\ub2e4.\u00a0UN\uc5d0\u00a0\ub530\ub974\uba74\u00a0\uac00\uc2b4\u00a0\ub2e4\ub9bc\uc9c8\uc740\u00a0\uc820\ub354\u00a0\ud3ed\ub825\uacfc\u00a0\ubc00\uc811\ud558\uac8c\u00a0\uc5f0\uad00\ub41c\u00a05\ub300\u00a0\ubc94\uc8c4\u00a0\uc911\u00a0\uac00\uc7a5\u00a0\uc791\uc740\u00a0\ube44\uc911\uc744\u00a0\ucc28\uc9c0\ud560\u00a0\ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\ubd80\ud558\ub294 \ub2c8\uc81c\ub974 \uc5ec\uc131<\/em><\/p>\n

\ucd9c\ucc98 : Wikipedia Commons<\/em><\/p>\n

\ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uc5ec\ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

\uc18c\ub140\uc5d0\u00a0\ub300\ud55c\u00a0\uad50\uc721\uc758\u00a0\uc911\uc694\uc131\uc740\u00a0\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\u00a0\ubb34\uc2dc\ub418\uac70\ub098\u00a0\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\u00a0\uc7a5\uc560\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc5d0\u00a0\uac00\ub85c\ub9c9\ud78c\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc800\uc870\ud55c\u00a0\ucde8\ud559\ub960\uacfc\u00a0\ud559\uc5c5\uc744\u00a0\uadf8\ub9cc\ub450\ub294\u00a0\uac83\uc740\u00a0\uc720\uc5d4\uc758\u00a0\uc0c8\ucc9c\ub144\uac1c\ubc1c\ubaa9\ud45c\ub4e4(MDGs)\uc5d0\u00a0\ubc1c\ub9de\ucd94\uc5b4\u00a0\uc5b4\ub9b0\u00a0\uc18c\ub140\ub4e4\uc758\u00a0\ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801\u00a0\ucd08\ub4f1\uad50\uc721(UPE\u00a0:Universal\u00a0Primary\u00a0Education)\u00a0\uc2e4\ud604\uc744\u00a0\uc800\ud574\ud558\ub294\u00a0\uc911\ub300\ud55c\u00a0\ubb38\uc81c\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4.\u00a0\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\u00a0\ub2e4\ub2c8\ub294\u00a0\uc5ec\ud559\uc0dd\u00a0\uc911\u00a0\ucd08\ub4f1\uad50\uc721\uc744\u00a0\ub9c8\uce58\ub294\u00a0\ube44\uc728\uc740\u00a057%\ub3c4\u00a0\uc548\ub418\uba70,\u00a05\uba85\u00a0\uc911\u00a0\ub2e8\u00a02\uba85\ub9cc\uc774\u00a0\uc911\ub4f1\ud559\uad50\ub85c\u00a0\uc9c4\ud559\ud55c\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc5ec\ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc740\u00a0\uc0c8\u00a0\ud559\ub144\uc774\u00a0\uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5b4\ub3c4\u00a0\ub4a4\ub2a6\uac8c\u00a0\ub4f1\ub85d\ud558\uac70\ub098\u00a0\uc544\uc608\u00a0\ub4f1\ub85d\uc744\u00a0\ud558\uc9c0\u00a0\ubabb\ud558\uae30\ub3c4\u00a0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n

\ub0a8\ud559\uc0dd\uc774\ub098\u00a0\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758\u00a0\uc131\ucd94\ud589\ub3c4\u00a0\uc5ec\ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758\u00a0\ud559\uc2b5\u00a0\ud658\uacbd\uc744\u00a0\ub354\uc6b1\u00a0\uc545\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4.\u00a0\uadf8\u00a0\uc678\uc5d0\ub3c4\u00a0\ub4f1\uad50\ud558\ub294\u00a0\ub370\u00a0\uac78\ub9ac\ub294\u00a0\uc624\ub79c\u00a0\uc2dc\uac04,\u00a0\uc5ec\ud559\uc0dd\u00a0\uc804\uc6a9\u00a0\ud654\uc7a5\uc2e4\u00a0\ubd80\uc871,\u00a0\uc804\ud1b5\uc774\u00a0\uc9d3\ub204\ub974\ub294\u00a0\ubb34\uac8c,\u00a0\uad50\ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\ub610\ub294\u00a0\ub4f1\uad50\uae38\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294\u00a0\ud3ed\ub825,\u00a0\uc870\ud63c\uacfc\u00a0\uac15\uc81c\u00a0\uacb0\ud63c,\u00a0\ube48\uace4\u00a0\ub4f1\uc774\u00a0\uc5ec\ud559\uc0dd\uc758\u00a0\ud559\uc2b5\uad8c\uc744\u00a0\uc800\ud574\ud558\ub294\u00a0\uc678\ubd80\u00a0\uc694\uc778\uc774\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n

\ub2e4\uc591\ud55c\u00a0\ud615\ud0dc\uc758\u00a0\ud3ed\ub825\uacfc\u00a0\ucc28\ubcc4<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

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\uac15\uc694\ub41c\u00a0\uacb0\ud63c<\/b><\/span><\/h5>\n

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\uce74\uba54\ub8ec\u00a0\ubd81\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\ub294\u00a0\u2018\uc5ec\uc131\uc5d0\u00a0\uac00\ud574\uc9c0\ub294\u00a0\ud3ed\ub825\uc5d0\u00a0\ub300\ud56d\ud574\uc11c\u00a0\uc2f8\uc6b0\ub294\u00a0\ud611\ud68c(l\u2019Association\u00a0de\u00a0lutte\u00a0contre\u00a0les\u00a0violences\u00a0faites\u00a0aux\u00a0femmes)\u2019\uc5d0\u00a0\ub530\ub974\uba74,\u00a0\uc870\ud63c\uc774\ub098\u00a0\uac15\uc81c\uacb0\ud63c\uc740\u00a0\uc5b4\ub9b0\u00a0\uc18c\ub140\ub4e4\uc744\u00a0\ub354\uc6b1\u00a0\ucde8\uc57d\ud558\uace0,\u00a0\ubd88\uc548\ud558\uac8c\u00a0\ud558\uba70\u00a0\ubd88\ud655\uc2e4\ud558\uac8c\u00a0\ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\uac00\uc815\u00a0\ud3ed\ub825<\/b><\/span><\/h5>\n

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\ub9d0\ub9ac\u00a0\uc778\uad8c\uc6b4\ub3d9\uac00\u00a0\ud30c\ud22c\ub9c8\ud0c0\u00a0\ud558\ubc84(Fatoumata\u00a0Harber)\ub294\u00a0\ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4.\u00a0\u201d\uc6b0\ub9ac\u00a0\uc804\ud1b5\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\uc740\u00a0\uace0\ud1b5\uc744\u00a0\uacaa\ub294\u00a0\uc874\uc7ac\uace0,\u00a0\ubb34\ub274\u00a0\uc0ac\ubc14\ub9ac\uc640\u00a0\ubb34\ub0d8(\uc778\ub0b4)\uc5d0\u00a0\ub530\ub974\uba74\u00a0\uc790\uc2e0\uc758\u00a0\uc544\uc774\ub4e4\uc744\u00a0\ud589\ubcf5\ud558\uac8c\u00a0\ud558\ub824\uba74\u00a0\ub9de\ub294\u00a0\uac83\uae4c\uc9c0\u00a0\uac10\uc218\ud574\uc57c\u00a0\ud558\ub294\u00a0\uc2e0\uc138\uc8e0.\u201d<\/span>[iv]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

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https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/53871588@N05\/5444203881\/in\/album-72157625043407061\/<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

\uacbd\uc81c\uc801\u00a0\ud3ed\ub825<\/b><\/span><\/h5>\n

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\uc5ec\uc131\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\u00a0\uc81c\uacf5\ub418\ub294\u00a0\ub300\ucd9c\uc774\u00a0\ucda9\ubd84\ud788\u00a0\uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0\u00a0\uc54a\ub294\u00a0\uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740\u00a0\uc0ac\uace0\uc758\u00a0\uc9c8\uc11c\ub97c\u00a0\ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294\ub370\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\uc758\u00a0\uc7ac\uc815\uc801\u00a0\uc758\uc874\uc131\uc744\u00a0\uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294\u00a0\uc694\uc18c\ub85c\u00a0\uc791\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

1963~2007\u00a0\ucc28\ub4dc\ud638\uc758\u00a0\ud06c\uae30\u00a0\uac10\uc18c\u00a0\uc0c1\ud669 <\/em><\/p>\n

\ucd9c\ucc98\u00a0:\u00a0<\/em>https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/gridarendal\/32323646926<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

\uc5ec\uc131\uc5d0\uac8c\u00a0\ud2b9\ud788\u00a0\uac00\ud639\ud55c\u00a0\uae30\ud6c4\ubcc0\ud654<\/b><\/span><\/h5>\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n

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\ucd9c\ucc98\u00a0:\u00a0https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/gridarendal\/31276523653<\/a><\/p>\n

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\uc5ec\uc131,\u00a0\ubd84\uc7c1\uc758\u00a0\ud53c\ud574\uc790\ub4e4<\/b><\/span><\/h5>\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n

\uc790\uc77c\ub9ac\u00a0\uc544\ub9c8\ub450\u00a0\uc544\ub9d0\uc758\u00a0\u300e\ucc38\uc9c0\u00a0\uc54a\ub294\u00a0\uc5ec\uc790\ub4e4\u300f\u00a0\ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc5b4\ud310(\uc67c\ucabd)\uacfc\u00a0\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ud310(\uc624\ub978\ucabd)<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc800\uc790\u00a0\uc18c\uac1c<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\uc790\uc77c\ub9ac\u00a0\uc544\ub9c8\ub450\u00a0\uc544\ub9d0<\/b><\/span>\uc740
\n<\/span>1975\ub144\u00a0\uce74\uba54\ub8ec\u00a0\ub9c8\ub8e8\uc544\u00a0\ucd9c\uc0dd\uc73c\ub85c,\u00a0\uc791\uac00\uc774\uc790\u00a0\ud398\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud2b8\u00a0\uc6b4\ub3d9\uac00\uc774\ub2e4.\u00a02010\ub144\u00a0\ucd9c\uac04\ub41c\u00a0\uccab\ubc88\uc9f8\u00a0\uc18c\uc124\u00a0\u300e\uc648\ub780\ub370:\u00a0\ud55c\u00a0\ub0a8\ud3b8\uc744\u00a0\uacf5\uc720\ud558\ub294\u00a0\ubc95\u300f\uc73c\ub85c\u00a0\ub2e8\uc228\uc5d0\u00a0\uc774\ub984\uc744\u00a0\uc54c\ub9ac\uba70\u00a0\uc554\uc2a4\ud14c\ub974\ub2f4\u00a0\ud504\ub9b0\uc2a4\ud074\ub77c\uc6b0\uc2a4\uc0c1\uc744\u00a0\uc218\uc0c1\ud558\uba70,\u00a0\uc774\u00a0\ucc45\uc740\u00a0\uc804\uc138\uacc4\u00a0\uc5ec\ub7ec\u00a0\uc5b8\uc5b4\ub85c\u00a0\ubc88\uc5ed\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.\u00a02020\ub144\u00a0\ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\ucd9c\uac04\ub41c\u00a0\u300e\ucc38\uc9c0\u00a0\uc54a\ub294\u00a0\uc5ec\uc790\ub4e4\u300f\uc740\u00a0\uace0\ub4f1\ud559\uc0dd\u00a0\uacf5\ucfe0\ub974\uc0c1,\u00a0\uad6d\uc81c\u00a0\uacf5\ucfe0\ub974\u00a0\ubb38\ud559\uc0c1\u00a0\uc678\u00a0\uc218\ub9ce\uc740\u00a0\uc0c1\uc744\u00a0\uc218\uc0c1\ud588\ub2e4.\u00a0\ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a02021\u00a0\ubb38\ud654\u00a0\uc601\ud5a5\ub825\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\uc0c1\uc744\u00a0\ubc1b\uace0,\u00a02021\u00a0\uc62c\ud574\uc758\u00a0\uc791\uac00\uc5d0\u00a0\uc120\uc815\ub41c\u00a0\uc790\uc77c\ub9ac\u00a0\uc544\ub9c8\ub450\u00a0\uc544\ub9d0\uc740\u00a0\uc559\uac94\ub77c\u00a0\uba54\ub974\uac94,\u00a0\uce74\ub9d0\ub77c\u00a0\ud574\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc640\u00a0\ud568\uaed8\u00a0\uad6d\uc81c\ubcf4\ub3c4\uc804\ubb38\ucc44\ub110\u00a0\ud504\ub791\uc2a424\uac00\u00a0\uc120\uc815\ud55c\u00a02020\ub144\u00a0\uac00\uc7a5\u00a0\uc601\ud5a5\ub825\u00a0\uc788\ub294\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\u00a010\uc778\u00a0\uc911\u00a0\ud55c\u00a0\uba85\uc73c\ub85c\u00a0\uc120\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.\u00a02022\ub144\u00a011\uc6d4\u00a0\uc18c\ub974\ubcf8\ub204\ubca8\u00a0\ub300\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\uba85\uc608\ubc15\uc0ac\ud559\uc704\ub97c\u00a0\ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\uba70,\u00a02012\ub144\u00a0\uce74\uba54\ub8ec\u00a0\ubd81\ubd80\u00a0\uc9c0\uc5ed\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\uc758\u00a0\uad50\uc721\uacfc\u00a0\ubc1c\uc804\uc744\u00a0\uc704\ud55c\u00a0\uc0ac\ud5ec\uc5ec\uc131\ub2e8\uccb4\ub97c\u00a0\uc124\ub9bd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\uc5ed\uc790\u00a0\uc18c\uac1c<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\uc591\ucca0\uc900<\/b>(yang.chuljoon@gmail.com)<\/span>\uc740
\n\ubca8\uae30\uc5d0\u00a0\ud5e8\ud2b8\ub300\ud559\uad50\u00a0\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc5b8\uc5b4-\ubb38\ud654\ud559\uacfc\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\ubc15\uc0ac\ud559\uc704\ub97c\u00a0\ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\uba70,\u00a0\uc804\ub0a8\ub300\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\uacf5\ub3d9\uc5f0\uad6c\u00a0\ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ub97c\u00a0\uc218\ud589\ud588\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc11c\uac15\ub300\u00a0\uad50\uc591\ud559\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\uac15\uc758\ud588\uace0,\u00a0\ud55c\uad6d\uc678\ub300\uc640\u00a0\uc11c\uc6b8\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub97c\u00a0\uac15\uc758\ud588\ub2e4.\u00a0\ud604\uc7ac\u00a0\ucf00\ub0d0\u00a0\ub098\uc774\ub85c\ube44\ub300\ud559\uad50\u00a0\uc2a4\uc640\ud790\ub9ac\uc5b4\uacfc\u00a0\uac1d\uc6d0\uad50\uc218\ub85c\u00a0\uc811\ucd09\uc5d0\u00a0\uc758\ud55c\u00a0\ubb38\ubc95\u00a0\ubcc0\ud654,\u00a0\ucf54\ub4dc\uc804\ud658\uc758\u00a0\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\u00a0\ub3d9\uae30\u00a0\ub4f1\uc5d0\u00a0\ub300\ud55c\u00a0\uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c\u00a0\uc218\ud589\ud558\uace0\u00a0\uc788\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

[i]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\ud560\ub840(female\u00a0circumcision)\ub85c\u00a0\ubd80\ub974\uae30\ub3c4\u00a0\ud558\ub098,\u00a0\uc774\ub294\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\uc5d0\u00a0\ub300\ud55c\u00a0\ud3ed\ub825\uc744\u00a0\uc740\ud3d0\ud558\ub294\u00a0\uc6a9\uc5b4\uc774\uae30\u00a0\ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0\u00a0\uc5ec\uc131\uc0dd\uc2dd\uae30\uc808\uc81c(female\u00a0genital\u00a0mutilation,\u00a0FGM)\ub77c\uace0\u00a0\uaddc\uc815\ud558\uba70\u00a0\uc774\uc5d0\u00a0\ub300\ud55c\u00a0\ucca0\ud3d0\ub098\u00a0\ub300\uc548\uc801\u00a0\uc758\ub840\ub97c\u00a0\ub9c8\ub828\ud558\uae30\u00a0\uc704\ud574\u00a0\uc5ec\uad8c\uc6b4\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uc774\u00a0\ubd84\ud22c\ud558\uace0\u00a0\uc788\ub2e4.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[ii]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u00a0\ubb34\ub0d8(munyal)\ub294\u00a0\ud480\ub77c(Fula)\u00a0\ud639\uc740\u00a0\ud480\ud480\ub370(Fulfulde)\uc5b4\ub85c\u00a0\uc778\ub0b4\ub098\u00a0\ucc38\uc744\uc131\uc744\u00a0\uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[iii]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u00a0\uc77c\ubd80\ub2e4\ucc98\uc81c(polygyny)\ub294\u00a0\ubcf5\ud63c\uc81c(polygamy)\uc758\u00a0\ud558\ub098\ub85c\u00a0\ud55c\u00a0\uba85\uc758\u00a0\ub0a8\ud3b8\uc774\u00a0\uc5ec\ub7ec\u00a0\uba85\uc758\u00a0\ubd80\uc778\uc744\u00a0\ub9de\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\ub294\u00a0\uacbd\uc6b0\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc774\uc640\u00a0\ubc18\ub300\ub85c\u00a0\uc77c\ucc98\ub2e4\ubd80\uc81c(polyandry)\ub294\u00a0\ud55c\u00a0\uba85\uc758\u00a0\uc544\ub0b4\uac00\u00a0\uc5ec\ub7ec\u00a0\uba85\uc758\u00a0\ub0a8\ud3b8\uc744\u00a0\ub450\ub294\u00a0\uacbd\uc6b0\uc778\ub370\u00a0\ubd81\uc778\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\uc794\uc874\ud558\uace0\u00a0\uc788\uc73c\ub098\u00a0\uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c0\ub294\u00a0\ucd94\uc138\uc5d0\u00a0\uc788\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc77c\ubd80\ub2e4\ucc98\uc81c\u00a0\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\ub0a8\ud3b8\uc744\u00a0\uacf5\uc720\ud558\ub294\u00a0\ubd80\uc778\ub4e4\uc744\u00a0\u2018co-wives\u2019\ub77c\uace0\u00a0\ud55c\ub2e4.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[iv]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u00a0\ubb34\ub274\u00a0\uc0ac\ubc14\ub9ac(Mougnou\u00a0Sabari)\ub294\u00a0\ubc24\ubc14\ub77c(Bambara)\uc5b4\ub85c\u00a0\u2018\uc778\ub0b4\u2019,\u00a0\u2018\ucc38\uc744\uc131\u2019\uc744\u00a0\uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[v]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\ub098\uc774\uc9c0\ub9ac\uc544\u00a0\ubd81\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\ub294\u00a0\uadf9\ub2e8\u00a0\uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uc8fc\uc758\u00a0\ubb34\uc7a5\ub2e8\uccb4<\/span><\/p>\n

[vi]<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\uc815\uc2e0\uc99d(Psychosis)\uc740\u00a0<\/span>\ud604\uc2e4\uacfc\uc758\u00a0\uc811\ucd09\uc774\u00a0\uc810\ucc28\u00a0\uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c0\uba74\uc11c,\u00a0\uc790\uc544\uc640\u00a0\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\u00a0\uae30\ub2a5\uc774\u00a0\uc0c1\uc2e4\ub418\ub294\u00a0\uc99d\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc774\u00a0\uc218\ubc18\ub418\ub294\u00a0\uc815\uc2e0\uc9c8\ud658\uc744\u00a0\uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294\u00a0\uc6a9\uc5b4<\/span>\ub2e4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • \uad6d\uc81c\uc0ac\uba74\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\u00a0http:\/\/amnesty.org<\/u><\/span><\/li>\n
  • \uc720\ub124\uc2a4\ucf54\u00a0\ud1b5\uacc4\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>https:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/<\/span><\/li>\n
  • U<\/span>N<\/span>\uc5ec\uc131\uae30\uad6c\u00a0https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • L<\/span>e\u00a0Journal\u00a0du\u00a0Dimanche.\u00a0\u201cLe\u00a0combat\u00a0d\u2019une\u00a0ONG\u00a0contre\u00a0l\u2019excision\u00a0en\u00a0Guin\u00e9e\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/www.lejdd.fr\/International\/le-combat-dune-ong-contre-lexcision-en-guinee-3568919<\/u><\/span>\u00a0(\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c\u00a0:\u00a02023.\u00a008.\u00a020)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Ousmane\u00a0Konat\u00e9.\u00a0\u201cMali\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Mariage\u00a0Pr\u00e9coce,\u00a0mariage\u00a0ind\u00e9cent\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/maliactu.net\/mali-mariage-precoce-mariage-indecent\/<\/u><\/span>\u00a0(\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c\u00a0:\u00a02023.08.20)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • R<\/span>FI.\u00a0\u201cNigeria:\u00a0la\u00a0dramatique\u00a0place\u00a0des\u00a0femmes\u00a0dans\u00a0le\u00a0conflit\u00a0avec\u00a0Boko\u00a0Haram\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20180307-nigeria-dramatique-femmes-conflit-boko-haram<\/u><\/span>\u00a0(\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c\u00a0:\u00a02023.\u00a008.\u00a020)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Saare\u00a0Tabitha.\u00a0http:\/\/www.saaretabitha.org\/<\/u><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Tchadinfors.\u00a0\u201cTchad\u00a0:\u00a0les\u00a0mutilations\u00a0g\u00e9nitales\u00a0f\u00e9minines\u00a0toujours\u00a0pratiqu\u00e9es\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/tchadinfos.com\/tchad-les-mutilations-genitales-feminines-toujours-pratiquees\/<\/u><\/span>\u00a0(\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c\u00a0:\u00a02023.\u00a008.\u00a020)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • The\u00a0Postcolonist.\u00a0\u201cin\u00e9galit\u00e9s\u00a0sexuelles\u00a0de\u00a0scolarisation\u00a0dans\u00a0les\u00a0r\u00e9gions\u00a0septentrionales\u00a0du\u00a0Cameroun\u201d\u00a0http:\/\/postcolonialist.com\/civil-discourse\/inegalites-sexuelles-de-scolarisation-dans-les-regions-septentrionales-du-cameroun-recherche-de-facteurs\/<\/u><\/span>\u00a0(\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c\u00a0:\u00a02023.\u00a008.\u00a020)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Une\u00a0Initiative\u00a0de\u00a0Sarre\u00a0Tabitha.\u00a0\u201cAnalyses\u00a0de\u00a0la\u00a0situation\u00a0socio-\u00e9conomique\u00a0et\u00a0culturelle\u00a0des\u00a0filles\u00a0et\u00a0femmes\u00a0au\u00a0nord\u00a0Cameroun\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/peaceworkafrica.net\/analyse-de-la-situation-socio-economique-et-culturelle-des-filles-et-femmes-au-nord-cameroun\/<\/u><\/span>\u00a0(\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c\u00a0:\u00a02023.\u00a008.\u00a020)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    LA CONDITION DE LA FEMME AU SAHEL : Un regard sous le prisme du roman Les impatientes<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s sah\u00e9liennes, le r\u00f4le de la femme reste marginal. Elle est cible des discriminations qui la confinent dans un statut de figurante et de soumise, aux prises avec la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 et l\u2019avilissement, r\u00e9duite \u00e0 subir les volont\u00e9s qui l\u2019ali\u00e8nent.<\/p>\n

    Ind\u00e9pendamment des dix pays composant la bande sah\u00e9lienne(le Burkina Faso, la Guin\u00e9e, le Mali, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, le Cameroun, le Nig\u00e9ria, le Niger, le Tchad, la Gambie et la Mauritanie), les femmes sont encore assign\u00e9es aux pesanteurs socio-culturelles qui entravent leur \u00e9panouissement, le d\u00e9veloppement de leur potentiel et leur acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des destins dignes et \u00e9mancip\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

    Au Sahel, la condition de la femme reste donc similaire d\u2019un pays \u00e0 l\u2019autre, et le constat est sans appel : la gente f\u00e9minine est la moins lettr\u00e9e et la plus pauvre. Elle occupe par cons\u00e9quent la couche la plus vuln\u00e9rable de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et de fait, la plus sujette aux maladies et autres fl\u00e9aux auxquels l\u2019exposent ses vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s sociales.<\/p>\n

    Les femmes repr\u00e9sentent plus de la moiti\u00e9 des populations. Elles sont cependant sous-repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es \u00e0 tous les \u00e9chelons politiques, base\/amont\/responsabilit\u00e9s. Environ 58% des filles sont mari\u00e9es avant 18 ans au Nord-Cameroun, 85% de moins de 24 ans sont analphab\u00e8tes. On est l\u00e0 dans un cercle vicieux d\u2019extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9 et d\u2019ignorance, et par voie de cons\u00e9quence de soumission.<\/p>\n

    Quelles en sont les principales causes ?<\/p>\n

    1. Les pesanteurs socio-culturelles<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Les pesanteurs socio-culturelles ont une forte influence sur la vie des femmes. La persistance des discriminations \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des filles et femmes r\u00e9sulte de l\u2019ignorance des droits des personnes concern\u00e9es, l\u2019insuffisance de la vulgarisation des instruments juridiques en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 de genres, l\u2019analphab\u00e9tisme des parents et les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s sociaux.<\/p>\n

    La femme a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 sous la coupe de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. D\u2019abord dans sa famille avec son p\u00e8re, et ensuite chez son \u00e9poux dont elle d\u00e9pend financi\u00e8rement. Dans certains milieux, l\u2019on interdit \u00e0 la femme d\u2019avoir une activit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice de revenu. Beaucoup de femmes continuent \u00e0 \u00eatre per\u00e7ues comme des incapables majeures, traduisant un statut social d\u2019inf\u00e9riorit\u00e9 ; la femme \u00e9tant appel\u00e9e \u00e0 jouer prioritairement et pleinement son r\u00f4le de reproductrice et de femme au foyer. Les st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes de femme-\u00e9pouse, femme-m\u00e8re ou m\u00eame femme-objet persistent. Les pesanteurs socioculturelles entravent l\u2019\u00e9mancipation de la femme, en impactant sur leur scolarit\u00e9, influant ainsi grandement sur les consid\u00e9rations traditionnelles et religieuses.<\/p>\n

    Aussi lit-on dans Les impatientes :<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00ab Accepter tout de nos \u00e9poux. Il a toujours raison, il a tous les droits et nous, tous les devoirs. Si le mariage est une r\u00e9ussite, le m\u00e9rite reviendra \u00e0 notre ob\u00e9issance, \u00e0 notre bon caract\u00e8re, \u00e0 nos compromis ; si c\u2019est un \u00e9chec, ce sera de notre seule faute. Et la cons\u00e9quence de notre mauvais comportement, de notre caract\u00e8re ex\u00e9crable, de notre manque de retenue. \u00bb<\/p>\n

    Plus encore, les coutumes et les traditions p\u00e8sent sur les textes de lois de la R\u00e9publique. Les tribunaux coutumiers, discriminant la femme, restent omnipr\u00e9sents et dominants. Malgr\u00e9 le code civil camerounais qui d\u00e9finit l\u2019\u00e2ge l\u00e9gal du mariage \u00e0 16 ans, bon nombre de familles envoient les filles de 13, 14 ans en mariage pr\u00e9coce. Ces mariages coutumiers non prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00e9tat civil se terminent souvent par des violences conjugales et par les divorces, o\u00f9 les femmes sont chass\u00e9es des foyers conjugaux. 75 \u00e0 85% des r\u00e9pudi\u00e9es rentrent chez leurs parents avec au moins un enfant \u00e0 charge. Manquant du minimum vital, elles basculent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement dans la prostitution informelle !<\/p>\n

    La mutilation g\u00e9nitale f\u00e9minine est une pratique courante. Malgr\u00e9 son interdiction, l\u2019excision reste largement r\u00e9pandue au Sahel. Les chiffres sont des plus alarmants entre autres en Guin\u00e9e (97%), au Mali (91%) et au Burkina Faso (63%). 500 filles sont encore excis\u00e9es chaque ann\u00e9e au Cameroun et un quart de femmes ont subi le repassage de seins\u2014une pratique traditionnelle r\u00e9pandue au Cameroun visant \u00e0 freiner, par massage au moyen d\u2019objets chauff\u00e9s (pierre, pilon\u2026), le d\u00e9veloppement de la poitrine du fait de la pubert\u00e9. Selon les Nations-Unies, le repassage du sein est l\u2019un des cinq crimes les moins signal\u00e9es li\u00e9es \u00e0 la violence sexiste. Cette pratique touche 38% des filles de 11 \u00e0 14 ans.<\/p>\n

    2. La sous-scolarisation<\/strong><\/p>\n

    L\u2019importance de l\u2019\u00e9ducation des filles est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement ignor\u00e9e ou tributaire des obstacles sociaux. La sous-scolarisation et la d\u00e9scolarisation sont des probl\u00e8mes importants qui entravent la concr\u00e9tisation de l\u2019Education primaire universelle chez les jeunes filles, conform\u00e9ment aux objectifs du mill\u00e9naire pour le d\u00e9veloppement des Nations-Unies. Moins de 57% de filles inscrites \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole ach\u00e8veront le cycle du primaire. Seules 2 filles sur 5 sont scolaris\u00e9es dans le secondaire. A la rentr\u00e9e scolaire la fille est tardivement inscrite ou pas du tout. Les facteurs aggravants sont le harc\u00e8lement sexuel par les \u00e9l\u00e8ves et les enseignants ; le long p\u00e9riple du chemin menant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole ; le manque de toilettes ; le poids des traditions ; les violences \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole ou sur le chemin de l\u2019\u00e9cole, les mariages pr\u00e9coces et\/ou forc\u00e9s, et enfin la pauvret\u00e9.<\/p>\n

    3. Les violences et discriminations<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Les violences faites aux femmes dans le Sahel ne sont pas fondamentalement diff\u00e9rentes du reste du monde mais certaines prennent un aspect particulier entre modernit\u00e9 et traditions, o\u00f9 les conditions socio-\u00e9conomiques difficiles pour la majorit\u00e9 de la population entra\u00eenent une sur-vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de la femme. Nous d\u00e9nombrons plusieurs formes de violences et discriminations auxquelles est soumise la femme :<\/p>\n

    3.1 Les mariages pr\u00e9coces et forc\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Les filles sont mari\u00e9es pr\u00e9cocement, quelque fois avant 12 ans. Une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 qui n\u2019est pas sans cons\u00e9quence. 34.4% des d\u00e9c\u00e8s des adolescentes sont des d\u00e9c\u00e8s maternels. Au nord-Cameroun, 1 fille sur 2 est mari\u00e9e avant 18 ans. Le Niger est le pays o\u00f9 le taux est le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9. (75%), le Tchad (68%), la Guin\u00e9e (63%), le Mali (55%), le Burkina Faso (52%).<\/p>\n

    D\u2019ailleurs, les violences sexuelles sont souvent m\u00e9connues ou tabou et pourtant r\u00e9elles. Le viol conjugal en est un, relev\u00e9 dans Les impatientes :<\/p>\n

    \u00ab Ce n\u2019est pas un crime ! C\u2019est un acte l\u00e9gitime ! Le devoir conjugal. Ce n\u2019est pas un p\u00e9ch\u00e9. Bien au contraire[\u2026] Ce n\u2019est pas un viol ! C\u2019est une preuve d\u2019amour ! [\u2026]C\u2019est \u00e7a le mariage. La prochaine fois \u00e7a ira mieux. Et puis c\u2019est \u00e7a la patience, le munyal dont on parlait justement[\u2026] Le m\u00e9decin ne s\u2019en formalisa pas non plus. Ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas un viol. Tout s\u2019\u00e9tait d\u00e9roul\u00e9 normalement[\u2026] D\u2019ailleurs, qui a os\u00e9 \u00e9voquer le mot \u00ab viol \u00bb ? Le viol n\u2019existe pas dans le mariage !<\/p>\n

    La d\u00e9cision d\u2019envoyer la fille en mariage pr\u00e9coce \u00e9mane \u00e0 65% des p\u00e8res et 23% des parents proches. Pr\u00e8s de 90% de mariages pr\u00e9coces et forc\u00e9s se nouent sans consentement de la fille. 70% de mariages pr\u00e9coces et forc\u00e9s sont port\u00e9s sur des filles \u00e2g\u00e9es de 13-15 ans, ce qui en fait la cat\u00e9gorie la plus touch\u00e9e. L\u2019\u00e9tude montre que les p\u00e8res utilisent les traditions, chantage affectif, contrainte physique, la violence, enl\u00e8vement, ou m\u00eame s\u00e9questration\u2026 41% des mariages pr\u00e9coces sont d\u2019origine socioculturelle, 31% d\u2019ordre \u00e9conomique, 12%des consid\u00e9rations religieuses.<\/p>\n

    Selon l\u2019Association de lutte contre les violences faites aux femmes dans l\u2019Extr\u00eame-Nord du Cameroun, les mariages pr\u00e9coces et forc\u00e9s rendent les jeunes filles vuln\u00e9rables, angoiss\u00e9es et peu confiantes. Elles sont incapables de se promouvoir dans la vie courante et sont peu actives dans la vie socioculturelle. Elles ont peur de se mettre en exergue et n\u2019ont pas d\u2019autonomie personnelle. Elles s\u2019exposent particuli\u00e8rement aux individus violents, \u00e0 d\u2019autres formes de violence car leur capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9fense est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 cause de l\u2019ignorance et de la peur qu\u2019elles d\u00e9veloppent elles-m\u00eames. Elles sont expos\u00e9es au traumatisme sexuel, aux viols.<\/p>\n

    3.2 Les violences conjugales et familiales<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Au Cameroun, 2\/3 des femmes ont subi de la violence physique ou sexuelle de la part de leur \u00e9poux ou partenaire. 42 % l\u2019ont subi \u00ab parfois \u00bb, et 26% \u00ab souvent \u00bb. Apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9c\u00e8s d\u2019un conjoint, la femme peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e soit comme responsable et coupable (malchanceuse, sorci\u00e8re et rejet\u00e9e par la communaut\u00e9) soit comme un bien \u00e0 h\u00e9riter.<\/p>\n

    La polygamie, r\u00e9gime matrimonial par d\u00e9faut, permet \u00e0 l\u2019homme de disposer de plusieurs \u00e9pouses. Pour les co\u00e9pouses, en perp\u00e9tuelle rivalit\u00e9 pour attirer les faveurs de l\u2019\u00e9poux, pr\u00e9textes et coups bas sont bons pour discr\u00e9diter l\u2019autre. Le plus souvent, les enfants se retrouvent m\u00eal\u00e9s \u00e0 cette guerre d\u2019adultes, avec des s\u00e9quelles traumatisantes.<\/p>\n

    Les impatientes relate cette probl\u00e9matique :<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00ab Dis-moi, Hali, que veux-tu que je fasse ? Que je regarde gentiment cette fille \u00e0 peine plus \u00e2g\u00e9e que ma fille me prendre mon \u00e9poux ? Que je perde mon foyer ? Que je prenne le risque de faire souffrir mes enfants en me laissant r\u00e9pudier ? Ils sont trop jeunes pour vivre sans leur m\u00e8re. Que veux-tu que je fasse, Hali? Que je reste les bras crois\u00e9s \u00e0 attendre qu\u2019il se d\u00e9barrasse de moi ? Que veux-tu que je fasse ?[\u2026] Qu\u2019est-ce qui est permis ? Qu\u2019est-ce qui ne l\u2019est pas ? Quand on est en guerre, on n\u2019est pas regardant sur le choix des armes. On prend ce qui est \u00e0 notre port\u00e9e et on avance avec[\u2026] Je l\u2019aimais ! J\u2019ai fait de mon mieux pour le satisfaire. J\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 une bonne \u00e9pouse ! Une excellente m\u00e8re. Je lui ai donn\u00e9 des enfants intelligents, en bonne sant\u00e9, des deux sexes. Je l\u2019ai r\u00e9confort\u00e9, je l\u2019ai aim\u00e9 de tout mon c\u0153ur, de toute mon \u00e2me ! Que voulait-il de plus ? Je ne suis pas m\u00e9chante ! On m\u2019oblige \u00e0 l\u2019\u00eatre. Je n\u2019ai pas choisi de faire cette guerre ! Mais m\u2019en laisse-t-on le choix?[\u2026] Que veux-tu que je fasse ? Quel est mon champ d\u2019action ? Quelles sont mes marges de man\u0153uvre ? Ai-je vraiment le choix ?<\/p>\n

    Selon Fatoumata Harber, enseignante et militante des droits de l\u2019homme au Mali, \u00ab la femme est vue dans nos traditions comme un souffre-douleur, une femme qui devrait selon le Mougnou Sabari, Munyal(patience), accepter de se faire frapper pour le bonheur de ses enfants \u00bb.<\/p>\n

    3.3 Les violences \u00e9conomiques<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Les femmes restent encore d\u00e9pendantes de leurs conjoints. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 voudrait que les femmes restent \u00e0 la maison et s\u2019occupent des t\u00e2ches domestiques tandis que les hommes s\u2019occupent des finances. Quelques fois, m\u00eame quand la femme est instruite et peut travailler, son emploi est conditionn\u00e9 par l\u2019approbation de son \u00e9poux. D\u00e9pendance \u00e9conomique \u00e9gale soumission totale et vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9. L\u2019insuffisance des cr\u00e9dits octroy\u00e9s aux femmes constitue \u00e9galement dans cet ordre d\u2019id\u00e9e un facteur d\u00e9terminant dans la non-autonomie financi\u00e8re de ces derni\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

    4. Les changements climatiques<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Les changements climatiques affectent particuli\u00e8rement les femmes et accentuent les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s entre les genres, renfor\u00e7ant ainsi les diff\u00e9rences hommes\/femmes face \u00e0 leurs vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s et capacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponse aux catastrophes naturelles. Les femmes assurent les besoins alimentaires, les soins de sant\u00e9, et l\u2019\u00e9ducation malgr\u00e9 leur faible statut social et \u00e9conomique. Le changement climatique a de graves cons\u00e9quences sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire.<\/p>\n

    L\u2019exemple le plus visible du changement climatique est le lac Tchad limitrophe des 4 pays, le Tchad, le Cameroun, le Niger et le Nigeria. C\u2019est une r\u00e9serve d\u2019eau douce consid\u00e9rablement impact\u00e9e par la s\u00e9cheresse et la surexploitation. Le lac a ainsi perdu 90% de son volume en 50 ans ! Plus de 30 millions de personnes peuplent son bassin et en d\u00e9pendent plus ou moins directement. L\u2019ass\u00e8chement du lac Tchad est une catastrophe humanitaire. Les conflits internes, opposant agriculteurs et \u00e9leveurs, s\u2019accentuent. Ils sont de plus en plus meurtriers. La r\u00e9gion compte 2,3 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et plus de 5 millions luttent pour avoir juste de quoi manger. La majorit\u00e9 d\u2019enfants souffrent de grave malnutrition. Les femmes sont comme d\u2019habitude au premier rang des victimes !<\/p>\n

    5. Les conflits et les crises<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Milliers de refugi\u00e9es, peur d\u2019aller \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole, famine, activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques au ralenti, viols, enl\u00e8vements, Boko Haram et autres groupes terroristes apparent\u00e9s, s\u00e8ment la psychose dans toute la zone du Sahel. Les femmes restent les premi\u00e8res victimes. Selon un rapport du Haut-commissariat des Nations-Unies aux droits de l\u2019homme, Boko Haram a entra\u00een\u00e9 le d\u00e9placement de plus de 2,3 millions de personnes dont 1,4 millions d\u2019enfants dans la r\u00e9gion du lac Tchad. Au Niger, la r\u00e9gion de Diffa abrite plus de 300.000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s chass\u00e9s de leurs foyers par des massacres, des enl\u00e8vements et des viols \u00e0 l\u2019actif de Boko Haram, dont 70% des femmes et des enfants.<\/p>\n

    Les crises sanitaires sont \u00e9galement \u00e0 mentionner. Paludisme, Cholera, Ebola ou encore la Covid-19. Cette derni\u00e8re pand\u00e9mie a entra\u00een\u00e9 une augmentation des violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre. La pand\u00e9mie a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation des mariages d\u2019enfants et des abus sexuels. Au Sahel, d\u2019apr\u00e8s la Banque mondiale, on s\u2019attend \u00e0 ce que l\u2019impact de la Covid-19 fasse chuter de 33% les progr\u00e8s visant \u00e0 mettre un terme aux violences bas\u00e9es sur le genre d\u2019ici 2030.<\/p>\n

    Conclusion<\/strong>
    \nEn d\u00e9finitive, la condition de la femme au Sahel repose d\u2019une part sur les facteurs socio-culturels, et d\u2019autre part, sur les facteurs socio-\u00e9conomiques. Les entraves \u00e0 leur accomplissement, social et professionnel, les accablent d\u00e8s leur enfance et ne les quittent plus. Ces entraves impactent leur \u00e9ducation, leur vie priv\u00e9e, leur vie professionnelle. Elles impactent leur existence dans toutes ses dimensions, les assignant \u00e0 une pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 et \u00e0 une vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 qui leur nient par trop souvent leur dignit\u00e9 sociale. Et pourtant, c\u2019est bien sur la femme que repose essentiellement l\u2019\u00e9ducation des enfants, et le quotidien familial. Et c\u2019est bien l\u00e0 le principal facteur de la fragilit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s sah\u00e9liennes aux prises avec des conflits et autres crises qui ont pour effet direct d\u2019aggraver la condition de la femme.<\/p>\n

    Les objectifs du mill\u00e9naire des Nations-Unies pour le d\u00e9veloppement, malgr\u00e9 les efforts que l\u2019on peut souligner ici et l\u00e0 selon les pays, sont encore bien loin d\u2019\u00eatre atteints. Ce sont des efforts encore de port\u00e9es limit\u00e9es. En divers endroits, la condition de la femme se d\u00e9grade vertigineusement. Aucune solution d\u2019envergure ne peut r\u00e9v\u00e9ler son efficacit\u00e9 si elle ne repose pas sur le triple imp\u00e9ratif suivant : Educationnel, Economique, et de Ma\u00eetrise voire l\u2019\u00e9radication des conflits, dont les actions de mise en \u0153uvre devront \u00eatre coordonn\u00e9es aussi bien sur les plans r\u00e9gionaux, nationaux, qu\u2019internationaux, selon une politique sp\u00e9cifique mettant en synergie les pays concern\u00e9s appel\u00e9s \u00e0 mutualiser les moyens et \u00e0 partager les m\u00eames objectifs et ambitions de d\u00e9veloppement, dans un esprit d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat et de vision communs \u00e0 court, moyen et long termes. C\u2019est certainement l\u2019un des d\u00e9fis majeurs qui se posent \u00e0 ces pays, dont d\u00e9pend l\u2019avenir des populations, aussi bien les femmes que les hommes. Il est imp\u00e9rieux et urgent de relever ces d\u00e9fis.<\/p>\n

    Author : Dja\u00efli Amadou Amal<\/strong>
    \nBorn in 1975 in Cameroon, Dja\u00efli Amadou Amal is a writer and feminist activist. Her first novel, Walaande: The Art of Sharing a Husband, published in 2010, brought her instant recognition, winning the Prince Claus Award in Amsterdam. It also has been translated into many languages. Published in France in 2020, The Impatients was shortlisted for the 2020 Prix Goncourt and won numerous prizes including the Prix Goncourt des Lyc\u00e9ens. In 2021, Amal was crowned a Woman of Cultural Influence and selected as the Author of the Year in France. Along with Angela Merkel and Kamala Harris, she was also named one of the 10 most influential women of 2020 by France24, a French public broadcast service specializing in international news. In November 2022, she received an honorary doctorate from the Sorbonne Nouvelle University. In 2012, she founded the Femmes du Sahel, an organization dedicated to promoting the education and development of women in northern Cameroon.<\/p>\n

    \n

    R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Amnesty\u00a0https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/<\/li>\n
    • Institut\u00a0de\u00a0statistique\u00a0de\u00a0L\u2019UNESCO\u00a0https:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/fr<\/li>\n
    • Le\u00a0Journal\u00a0du\u00a0Dimanche.\u00a0\u201cLe\u00a0combat\u00a0d\u2019une\u00a0ONG\u00a0contre\u00a0l\u2019excision\u00a0en\u00a0Guin\u00e9e\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/www.lejdd.fr\/International\/le-combat-dune-ong-contre-lexcision-en-guinee-3568919<\/li>\n
    • Onu\u00a0Femmes\u00a0https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/fr<\/li>\n
    • Ousmane\u00a0Konat\u00e9.\u00a0\u201cMali\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Mariage\u00a0Pr\u00e9coce,\u00a0mariage\u00a0ind\u00e9cent\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/maliactu.net\/mali-mariage-precoce-mariage-indecent\/<\/li>\n
    • RFI.\u00a0\u201cNigeria:\u00a0la\u00a0dramatique\u00a0place\u00a0des\u00a0femmes\u00a0dans\u00a0le\u00a0conflit\u00a0avec\u00a0Boko\u00a0Haram\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20180307-nigeria-dramatique-femmes-conflit-boko-haram<\/li>\n
    • Saare\u00a0Tabitha.\u00a0http:\/\/www.saaretabitha.org\/<\/li>\n
    • Tchadinfors.\u00a0\u201cTchad\u00a0:\u00a0les\u00a0mutilations\u00a0g\u00e9nitales\u00a0f\u00e9minines\u00a0toujours\u00a0pratiqu\u00e9es\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/tchadinfos.com\/tchad-les-mutilations-genitales-feminines-toujours-pratiquees\/<\/li>\n
    • The\u00a0Postcolonist.\u00a0\u201cin\u00e9galit\u00e9s\u00a0sexuelles\u00a0de\u00a0scolarisation\u00a0dans\u00a0les\u00a0r\u00e9gions\u00a0septentrionales\u00a0du\u00a0Cameroun\u201d\u00a0http:\/\/postcolonialist.com\/civil-discourse\/inegalites-sexuelles-de-scolarisation-dans-les-regions-septentrionales-du-cameroun-recherche-de-facteurs\/<\/li>\n
    • Une\u00a0Initiative\u00a0de\u00a0Sarre\u00a0Tabitha.\u00a0\u201cAnalyses\u00a0de\u00a0la\u00a0situation\u00a0socio-\u00e9conomique\u00a0et\u00a0culturelle\u00a0des\u00a0filles\u00a0et\u00a0femmes\u00a0au\u00a0nord\u00a0Cameroun\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/peaceworkafrica.net\/analyse-de-la-situation-socio-economique-et-culturelle-des-filles-et-femmes-au-nord-cameroun\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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